House Passes 2025 Budget Resolution, Setting Stage for Tax Cuts and Spending Reductions
In a pivotal move that could reshape the tax and fiscal landscape, the U.S. House of Representatives narrowly passed the Fiscal Year 2025 budget resolution (H. Con. Res. 14) on April 10, 2025. The 216–214 vote, following Senate approval, kicks off the reconciliation process—a fast-track legislative path that could bring sweeping changes to tax policy and federal spending.
Though the resolution itself doesn’t change the law, it sets a legislative roadmap for potential reforms that may significantly impact small businesses, taxpayers, and accounting professionals. Budget resolutions serve as blueprints for spending and revenue priorities and enable major legislation to pass the Senate with a simple majority.
This year’s resolution stands out for prioritizing the restoration of expired tax provisions, reducing targeted federal spending, and encouraging business investment through tax code modifications. For businesses managing compliance and planning ahead, understanding what’s on the horizon is more important than ever.
Key Provisions and Potential Impacts
Tax Reform Initiatives
One of the most anticipated outcomes of this resolution is the potential extension and expansion of key provisions from the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA). These include:
- Enhancements to bonus depreciation, which had been phasing out. Reinstating full bonus depreciation would allow businesses to deduct a larger portion of asset costs upfront, supporting capital investment.
- The estate tax exemption, which is also set to be cut in half beginning January 1, 2026. This change could have a significant impact on high-net-worth individuals and families, prompting a need for proactive estate and succession planning.
- Increases in the Section 179 deduction, which permits the full expensing of qualifying equipment. (Note: Section 179 expensing was made permanent under the TCJA, but any enhancements could still have value for certain businesses.)
- Continued support for the Qualified Business Income (QBI) deduction, which reduces taxable income for many pass-through entities. This deduction, along with reduced individual tax rates for business owners, is currently set to expire on December 31, 2025. Addressing the future of these provisions will be a major focus in reconciliation legislation.
If included in future reconciliation legislation, these provisions would provide immediate benefits to a broad spectrum of businesses, encouraging capital investment and economic growth.
Section 174 R&D Expensing Fix
Since 2022, businesses have been required to amortize research and experimental (R&E) expenses over five years, rather than deducting them in the year they are incurred. This change has strained cash flow, particularly for startups, technology firms, and companies investing heavily in innovation.
The FY 2025 budget resolution signals strong legislative intent to reverse this requirement and reinstate full expensing under Section 174. Doing so would not only simplify compliance but also help reinvigorate U.S. R&D investment—a critical driver of long-term economic competitiveness.
Federal Spending Adjustments
To balance out potential tax cuts, the resolution proposes reductions in non-defense discretionary spending. These spending restraints could affect federal programs like SNAP and Medicaid, though the White House has pledged to protect core benefits. Such cuts, if enacted, would likely provoke significant political and public scrutiny and may face challenges during the reconciliation phase.
What Happens Next?
With the budget resolution now finalized, the legislative process moves into its next—and arguably most impactful—stage. The House Ways and Means Committee and the Senate Finance Committee are expected to begin drafting reconciliation bills that include the actual policy changes outlined in the resolution. These bills will be closely watched by businesses, tax professionals, and policymakers alike, as they will define the tax landscape for years to come.
Reconciliation allows these bills to pass with a simple majority in the Senate, bypassing the typical 60-vote threshold needed to overcome a filibuster. As a result, significant policy shifts could be implemented quickly, assuming political alignment within the majority party.
What Should Businesses and Individuals Do Now?
While the exact shape of the legislation is still unknown, there are several important steps you can take to prepare:
- Stay Informed: Monitor draft legislation and committee updates. Provisions related to depreciation, QBI, estate tax, and other business-friendly incentives are likely to change—some significantly.
- Review Tax Planning Strategies: Evaluate how the expiration of TCJA provisions on 12/31/25—especially those related to QBI, individual tax rates, and the estate tax exemption—could affect your financial position. Early planning may help you capture benefits before they phase out.
- Consult Your Advisors: Engaging with your tax advisors early will allow you to explore the potential implications of mid-year changes or retroactive provisions. Whether you’re planning a large purchase, considering gifting strategies, or weighing business investments, professional guidance is key.
- Plan for Flexibility: Build flexibility into your business’s financial models and cash flow planning. Whether it’s depreciation schedules, expensing rules, or estate strategies, changes could arrive before year-end.
Conclusion
The passage of the FY 2025 budget resolution is a critical step toward what could be the most consequential set of tax changes since 2017. While it doesn’t enact changes directly, it sets the stage for swift legislative action through reconciliation.
At Brady Martz, we are closely monitoring the situation and are here to help you interpret and prepare for whatever comes next. If you have questions about how these potential changes could impact your business or your individual tax strategy, don’t wait—reach out to our team today to start the conversation.